Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Case study - Assignment Example Finally, I will have to evaluate the decision once a diet program is adopted to ascertain the satisfaction it is intended (Chater 15). In a business, value is created through performing actions, which increase its worth of services and goods. Weight Watchers have created value employ the use of the Internet in enabling members to check meals at popular restaurants, point values for food, as well as add meals or snacks to their daily food journals online (Brazin 34). They have also created similar cell phone applications and services for training on fitness. Jenny Craig has created value through offering additional one-on-one counseling services to members and customizing diet programs to fit various social groups like men, women, or teenagers (Fayolle 30). The determinant attributes that set Jenny Craig’s and Weight Watchers’ programs apart include diet program, cost, average weight loss, support, the percentage of participants still in the program after four weeks, as well as long term assistance. The two diet companies through several ways such as building realistic expectations, which are neither too high nor too low, can enhance customer satisfaction. It will be prudent for them to note that unrealistically high expectations from consumers of their services set through personal selling or advertisement may initially lead to higher sales, but in the result in dissatisfaction if the diet programs do not meet the expectations (Randall 54). They can also do this by demonstrating correct implementation of their diet programs through actual recordings of success in previous cases. This will enable them to sell more by standing behind their services and products through provision of money-back warranties and guarantees. Customer satisfaction can also be improved through encouraging feedback from them. This will help in cutting down on negative word of mouth as well as

Specail education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Specail education - Essay Example for the Pastoral Care of International Students formed under the education act of 1989.Because of this St Patrick’s School should comply with the standards of enrolling international students and to provide and include English as a curriculum as a base for education for international students. The Primary School focuses on the prime necessities like accommodation and welfare of the students and offers suitable and simple support programs on language to ensure better understanding of the concepts and improve the thought process. The School has integrated primary school for years 1 to 8 .The schools has a Decile rating as 8/10 and has been rated one of the good schools in the locality. The total number of students will be around 210 including international students who are meagre in the numbers. The School has a gender composition of 57% of boys and 43% of girls. The school is populated by 73% of New Zealand European/PÄ kehÄ  and 13% of Maori sub division and only 7% of other ethnic groups. The type of Management Structure is Top to bottom approach .The primary school comprises of team of qualified educated and experienced people to facilitate and contribute ideas and works towards the achievement of school’s strategic goals and actions. The broad categories of members are Parent representatives for providing input related to child’s perspective and critically respond on any intolerance behaviour happening in the school premises.Mr.Steve Banks is the overall in charge of the parent representative’s team and will coordinate and decide on the selection of members for the committee. Finance committee is responsible for the monitoring and reviewing the profit and loss, investment and expenses and validate the same using appropriate reports. The chair person of the Finance committee is Mrs. Louise Bishop, Mrs. David Smithson, and Mrs.Melanie Ratcliffe. The Key metrics focussed as Vision of the St.Patrick’ s primary school are Faith ,Knowledge and

Lenin and the Bolsheviks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lenin and the Bolsheviks - Assignment Example After his arrival, Lenin advocated for the government overthrow through his speeches. The Bolshevik newspaper referred to Lenin’s speeches as the April theses. After his return, he yearned to replace the Bolshevik rule in Russia. Other socialists in the city were after his immediacy in controlling the Bolshevik rule. Lenin was termed a quack that could not make his radical move. He later pulled his supporters to furnish his plans within the shortest time possible. His movement was regarded as ‘all power to the soviet’ and he hoped to agitate the masses to avoid the provisional government (William 19). His strategy focused on the coming up with a new revolution in Russia. Lenin decided to manipulate the Meshevic who were a group of the soviet. He had the plan to manipulate them to satisfy his own wish (William 38). Lenin tried all means to pull the Bolshevik out of power after his return to Russia. On 1 April, he took his first attempt after there was disagreement between the Petrograd and the provisional government. The two groups disagreed due to unstated means of pulling Russia out of the First World War. The attempted coup was in vain after the Bolshevik who was determined to throw the government failed in their mission. There were demonstrations in the streets and this caused a lot of chaos. The Bolshevik tried other attacks and to incite the masses and this was a strong hold to Lenin as he learned from the failures of the Bolshevik. Lenin learned that the slow nature by which the provisional government was acting on Russia’s withdrawal from the war was a major weakness. Lenin knew that the four years that the government had received the treat from the Bolshevik was a thorough way for his army to revolt and come back home. Lenin maintained that Russia vacates the war very fast and this was not on condition whether Russia could lose its boundary or not. Thereby, Lenin received a lot of support from the armed forces. This to Lenin w as a turning point towards seizing the federal government’s power. He therefore launched a campaign that was full of propaganda to the Russian troops who held high posts in the army. The Russian government had hoped that the return of Lenin could unite them than divide them. He thus came in at a point of confusion in Russia. Lenin was more concerned with defaming the provisional government and taking over power. This was his trick throughout his struggle for power (William 54-56). Good planning and the preparation by the Bolsheviks was a key factor for their success. The Bolshevik had a strong military foundation in the lower level. The troop was also promised peace from the German government. In addition, the group had a huge sum of money, which came from abroad, and partly from robbing of the local banks. The group referred to the mass as propaganda as the group’s name meant that it had the majority. This helped most of them to gather a lot of votes and fame from the locals who supported their mission to oust the government. This tainted the minds of the public as being the most popular group. Lenin and Trotsky, who were the troop leaders, were smarter than their competitors were. The Kerensky government received pressure from outer sources to leave power (William 88). The government had also lacked trust from many

Explain the differences between periodic and perpetual inventory Essay - 1

Explain the differences between periodic and perpetual inventory accounting - Essay Example First in first out (FIFO) requires that we evaluate the selling stocks on the basis of the cost of stocks purchased first. Thus, the cost of stock sold is determined by their first price. Calculation done according to the FIFO inventory system is shared below. For example, we sold 130 units of goods for $240. Hence, cost of goods sold will be cost of opening balance of 20 units of $200 ($4,000), plus 50 units to $210 ($10,500), plus 60 units of $220 ($13,200). Thus, the cost of goods sold will be $27,700. Operating profit in this case is defined as $3500 (31,200 – 27,700). Accordingly, stocks include 40 units, which will be cost on the basis of the purchase price of $220 per unit with making total worth of $8,800 (Harris, 2011). Last in first out (LIFO) requires that we evaluate the selling stocks based on the sequence, the reverse order of their arrival. Thus, the cost of stock sold is determined by their last price. Our example remains the same, and we sell a total of 130 units at the price of $240 (31,200). The cost of goods sold according to LIFO method is 100 units for $220 ($22,000) and 30 units to $210 ($6,300), hence, it is estimated that the products sold are worth $28,300. According to the LIFO method our profit in this case is estimated as $2,900 (31200 - 28 300). However, the remaining goods are estimated to be worth $8200 (Carpenter & Boyle, 2012). The method of average cost is the most simple and it is one of the most common methods used by companies. Suppose a company has a balance of goods at the beginning of the period, which is 20 units, valued at $200 per unit ($4,000). During the period, it purchased two consignments of 50 units and 100 units at $210 per unit and $220 per unit respectively. However, the company sold 130 units at a price of $240 per unit thus the revenue was $31,200. The cost of goods sold is determined

Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Executive Summary Essay Posted by Petra at 1:43 PM No comments: Wednesday, January 9, 2008 9. Pricing Price is the amount of money a buyer has to sacrifice in order to get what he/she wants. Pampers tends to make their products available to wide range of customers, so their price must also be affordable, reasonable and relatively low. Ive already mentioned that Pampers makes constant improvements of the products, but also of the production process with new technology. That makes possible lowering of the price with no back step in the products quality. PG generally uses the strategy of price reductions on recognized brands, cost control throught the organization, and introduction of economy-priced products worldvide. Pampers often uses price promotion mix by giving coupons and temporary discounts to generate higher sales. Price promotion mix is generally used to reinforce the basic price mix which includes fixed prices and terms of payment, whereas price promotion mix represents additional reductions in order to tempt customer to buy. For example, Pampers coupons are given in some stores on the register when a customer buys competitors products This is a way in encouraging potential customers to join the crew and discouraging them in buying competitors products! Pampers also uses non monetary promotions in order to avoid contractions in customers quality perception and to enhance brand loyalty. Pampers must be careful with its pricing decisions because the demand for diapers is relatively elastic nowadays. That means that sudden change of prices can decrease the demand in the extent that higher profits wouldnt be able of covering that. The biggest cause of this sensitive situation is the presence of competition with similar, slightly differentiated products.

Significance Of The Masdar City Project Environmental Sciences Essay

Significance Of The Masdar City Project Environmental Sciences Essay Masdar is a project developed in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates. The core of Masdar is a well-planned city. It is constructed by the construction builder Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, which is a branch of the Mubadala Development Company. The major part of capital finance is given by the government of Abu Dhabi. The project is designed and planned by the Foster and its Partners, which is British architectural firm. Masdar city will sustain completely on sources of renewable sources for example, solar energy and various other resources which has a sustainable, zero-waste and zero-carbon ecology. The city is stretches about 17  kilometres (11 miles) in the east-south-east of Abu Dhabi, alongside Abu Dhabi International Airport. It would be the host for the headquarters of the (IRENA) International Renewable Energy Agency. Masdar has faith in capability of humankind for development of cheaper, cleaner, and efficient sources of energies for usage in order to overpower the climatic and environmental changes in a responsible and effective manner. It was established in April of 2006 as Masdar, the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, a multifarious organization making development towards the commercialization and full functioning deployment of all possible renewable energy and providing solutions regarding cleaner ecological technologies. It combines the idea of the full renewable sources of energy with a clean technology lifecycle taking it from research point of view to the level of commercial deployment trying to fulfill the ultimate objective of developing a scalable and clean technology of renewable sources of energy. (Masdar Carbon, 2010) Importance of topic: Masdar City Project will not utilize any zero gas or oil resources. Hence it can be said that contribution to causing greenhouse gases would be minimal. Masdar is the central piece of Emirates and Abu Dhabis plans of having a market for renewable energy sources, a measure against the time when the oil wells and resources situated there run dry. An animated depiction of the design shows narrow streets covered with buildings which are modern still capture the essence of an ancient city of Arab. It appears that making plans identical to those of historic designs of ancient times will help designers reach their aim of energy goals they wish to accomplish. Recycling Water The city planners say that 80% of water used in city would be recycled. This needs a change of thinking. According to Peter Sharratt, who is working with WSP a British energy consulting firm, they normally have a linear process. They take in water through the taps, use it. And then it further goes down straight in the drain. In this way it gets to be used once only. But the design of Masdar City would be reusing water for as many times as it is possible. For example, one of the ideas involves capture of the leftover of water of crops which is known as irrigation recovery. The method works like as follows: After irrigation of crops water goes down through the top 2 or 3 feet layers of soil and then meets plants requirements and underground water collection system recovers whatever amount of water is left. This water can then be used for irrigation again on some another occasion or redirected for another purpose. (Masdar Introduction, 2010) Emissions of gases Related to Construction The basic idea behind Masdar City is to construct a place where is no carbon footprint. Owing to the fact a lot of construction site equipment use gas, it can be said that some carbon dioxide would be released into the atmosphere while construction, which will result in having an adverse effect on eco system. This can be an offset putting extra solar energy or by growing trees or back into national power grid of Abu Dhabi. But evaluation of a carbon footprint is more complicated than this according to Liz Darley. She works with Bioregional, the British firm which will be assessing Masdar Citys carbon footprint calculations. She further added that what they are planning to do is deciding where to draw lines for the boundary which in itself is a complex job as it could include the entire expenditure of carbon even when the project team is travelling between Europe and Middle East. Hence it is very tough to estimate the overall carbon cost incurred on building the Masdar city as it will depend upon where you will draw you boundaries. (Palca, 2008) A Goal to Curb Energy Use One of the major goals of Masdar City plan would be to become the first city where emission of carbon is zero. Shaded walks and narrow streets would be helpful in reducing the need of air conditioning. The city will be oriented northeast direction to minimize and reduce the amount of sunlight directed on buildings windows and sides. Solar collectors and solar panels on the roofs and at remaining places would be helpful in generation of sufficient electricity in order to fulfill the requirement of Masdar City. Another aim of Masdar City is to prohibit cars in the city. But city is not small enough for its inhabitants to cover by walking. Hence designers are planning for a system called a (PRT) personal rapid transit system. According to Scott McGuigan of the CH2M Hill, it is really a car. It can be seen as a simple vehicle for six passengers. It is designed in shape of a car, but is powered by solar energy and with batteries. These cars powered by solar power would be running under th e city just in ways like a subway system. But these cars would not run on fixed roads and routes, rather they can be taken anywhere a passenger wishes to go. He further adds that PRTs show an energy-efficient manner of moving around people among 1,500 stations approximately. The passenger can program the station they wish to go and the vehicle will transport them to that station. Handling of Waste Management One of the major aims Masdar City is going to deal with is to become the first city to manage waste in such a manner that waste is converted into energy and is possibly reduced to zero. In real facts, waste could be reduced to be very close to zero, as some material cannot be transformed to energy or be recycled. But as far as human waste is concerned, it would all be repurposed. The nutrients would be recovered and then used to generate soil which can be further used as component of the requirement of landscaping. The part of the sewer sludge would again be processed in waste-to-power plan. This plan to recycle or reuse as much as it is possible would permeate the strategy. According to Mc Guigan, they are constantly in search for materials which can be reused or recycled. He further added that they are looking at recyclable plastic so as to use to it for construction of site fencing. Later on that fencing could be sold to the manufacturer and be again recycled for reselling it agai n. So it has a purpose at the end. Designers are even beginning to plan, how could the concrete, used for building Masdar City, be recycled so as to reuse it the for purposes such as construction of road when the city is torn down. (Masdar Carbon, 2010) Achieving the Reality According to some skeptics reducing total carbon contents and footprints to zero would not be easily possible. They also say that Masdar will not cover the huge amount of guzzling gas of the United Arab Emirates. Khaled Awad, person in charge for making the plans into a real city say he has heard such people but is sure of its success. But he invited the suggestions on how to improve the City and what can be done. He also explained saying that they are serious about the city and its aspirations and are putting lots of resources to build it correctly and make it right. He expects it to be an ideal place at a meaningful scale. The intended plan is also to complete the Masdar City in a record time. Literature Review: The Masdar City project is being steered by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company (ADFEC). It was started in 2006 and the project was estimated to cost about US$ 22 billion and expected to take about 8 years to complete construction. The first phase of building was scheduled to be completed and would be habitable by 2009. Due to the effect of the economic crisis, now the Phase 1 of the Masdar City would be finished by 2015 and the completion of whole complex by 2020-2025. The estimated cost of complex has been reduced by 10 to 15 percent, hence the complete development cost ranging from US$18.7 and 19.8 billion. Masdar city is projected to cover an area of six  square kilometers (2.3 sq  miles) and would provide residency to about 45,000 to 50,000 people and home to 1,500 businesses, majorly manufacturing and commercial facilities having expertise in the environment friendly and eco-friendly products, and an expected to have around 60,000 workers. It would also be having university , (MIST) Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, which would be helped by (MIT) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Automobiles and vehicles would be prohibited within the city. Transportation would be carried out with the help of personal rapid transit and public mass transit systems with the already existing railways and roads providing connection to outside. As there are no vehicles and automobiles inside the Masdars perimeter wall, it is planned such as to prevent the hot desert air to enter the complex along with shaded and narrow streets allows suitable condition funnel cooler breezes across the Masdar City. (Palca, 2008) Masdar City is thought to be the most advanced technology among the small number of well and highly planned, technology-intensive research specialized municipalities that also assimilate a living hospitable environment as those of Tsukuba Science City, Japan or Novosibirk, Russia. (Masdar Carbon, 2010) Masdar Clean Tech Fund is a diversified vehicle of $250 million venture capital. It used to create a portfolio of joint venture investments, clean technology funds and direct co-investments. Others partners of Clean Tech Fund include Siemens Venture Capital, Credit Suisse and Consensus Business Group. CH2M HILL is the company responsible for constructing the first phase of the project. Construction of infrastructure of the city is being managed by Al Jaber Group. The central headquarters of Masdar City are being by Adrian Smith and Gordon Gill Architecture. As pointed out earlier, the Fund is having commitments with the from the following organizations: (i) Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company (ADFEC), (ii) Credit Suisse (CS), (iii) Consensus Business Group (CBG) and (iv) Siemens AG. (Masdar Introduction, 2010) It is expected to develop a portfolio of investments in funds and having a commitment of around $60 million to 3-5 fund managers. Rest of the Fund capital would be invested in co-investments beside fund managers and in the direct investments by companies which are being sourced by the Fund. The Fund would invest in organizations that have technologies which are favorable for commercialization in U.A.E. Credit Suisse, one of the leading organizations for managers of co-investments and private equity fund of funds and also the General Partners will handle the Fund along with its partners. The Fund will take to advantage Credit Suisses and its partners expertise on investment along with Credit Suisses vast investment banking and private equity platform for sourcing, adding value and selecting investment opportunities in favors of the Fund. Moreover, the Fund will also take an initiative towards Abu Dhabis larger alternative energy resource, also known as the Masdar initiative which was started in March 2006. The Masdar initiative is response of Abu Dhabi to the global requirement of conservation of diminishing resources and the need of alternative energy sectors. It is planned to make sure that in the long-term Abu Dhabi retains its energy resources and flourishes even more, and also maintains its share in the global energy market. The main focus of the Fund would be on the commercialization and development of technologies involving renewable energy, their energy efficiency, management of carbon and its monetization, desalination and usage of water. It is the hope of the government of U.A.E. that Masdar initiative and other governmental organizations should be used to support portfolio managers, joint venture participants and companies of Fund and participants who are wish for the commercialization of products in the UAE. (Masdar City, 2010) Conclusion and Recommendation: Masdar City is going to deal with is to become the first city to manage waste in such a manner that waste is converted into energy and is possibly reduced to zero. In real facts, waste could be reduced to be very close to zero, as some material cannot be transformed to energy or be recycled. According to some skeptics reducing total carbon contents and footprints to zero would not be easily possible. It is very tough to estimate the overall carbon cost incurred on building the Masdar city as it will depend upon where you will draw you boundaries. Despite all the speculation being, it could be said that all these are worth a try so as to conserve the ecological system. It can be seen as a an innovative effort making development towards the commercialization and full functioning deployment of all possible renewable energy and providing solutions regarding cleaner ecological technologies. It combines the idea of the full renewable sources of energy with a clean technology lifecycle taki ng it from research point of view to the level of commercial deployment trying to fulfill the ultimate objective of developing a scalable and clean technology of renewable sources of energy. The key recommendation for the city is to create awareness among the people towards the waste and carbon issue so that the project can figure out as a classical example of green energy and waste management using technology.

Infant Attachment To Caregivers Rather Than Mothers Social Work Essay

Infant Attachment To Caregivers Rather Than Mothers Social Work Essay Experience of early childhood attachment is at the base of healthy child development and works as the framework for the intimate relationship with others. The caregiver-child attachment relationship shapes though early pattern of interaction between the caregiver and child. The outcomes of infant attachment considered to be long-term and influences generations of families. According to Bowlby who developed theory of infant-caregiver attachment, attachment security characterizes the confidents of infant in his or her caregiver, and can be observed through how they contact with the caregiver and how they use of the caregiver as a secure base to explore their envrionment. Attachment theory, therefore, has been regarded as the major framework for the research of caregiver-child relationships in infancy, and it also may provide a useful approach for understanding attachment development between other caregivers and infants than mother. A vast body of research from this perspective indicate s that attachment security is an index of parent-child relationship quality that develops largely as a function of parenting behavior. Nonetheless, in spite of a number of researches on mother-child attachment has conducted, we still are unfamiliar with attachment relationships between other caregivers such as a father and adoptive parents. Because of the socioeconomic changes that have occurred in the United States during the past three decades, more mothers, with infants, work outside the home and, in many cases, new roles for fathers within the home increased, and many couples with a variety of reasons decided to adopt children also increased. Therefore, this paper explores whether an infant can develop secure attachment to a caregiver other than their primary caregiver, usually mother, and then how father and foster mother-infant attachment relationship different from ordinary infant-mother relationship. Importantly, sensitivity has been considered as a key predictor for secure caregiver-infant attachment. Despite the fact that the relatively few researches studying the attachment relationship with fathers, some studies on father-child attachment suggests that fathers can give sensitive care, an important factor for developing secure attachment, for their children as much as mothers can; therefore, the level of attachment between father and child seems to be similar to that usually found with mothers (Brown, McBride, Shin Bost, 2007). Moreover, Brown et al. (2007) found that when fathers employed in positive parenting behaviors, father involvement time does not seem to impact on father-child attachment security. That is, children tended to form quite secure attachment relationships despite the fact that whether their fathers were highly involved. When fathers, on the other hand, employed less sensitive parenting, increased father involvement was related to an insecure father-child a ttachment. Therefore, father-child attachment is dependent upon quality of fathersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ parenting, and increased involvement is better for building attachment only when it accompanied by positive parenting. In addition, another research found that fathers who valued the parental role were more likely to have securely attached infants, but this association was marled only when quality of marriage was high, conceivably because these fathers are more likely to receive helping hand from their partner (Wong, Mangelsdorf, Brown, Neff Schoppe-Sullivan, 2009). Yet interestingly, fathers who valuing the paternal caregiving role might promote secure attachment of temperamentally difficult infants, for such fathers might be more likely to support them with daily caregiving activities and be more adjusted to their infantsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ emotional needs as well as their other demands. Accordingly, temperamentally difficult infants would be more li kely to build secure attachment to fathers in this circumstance. Even though all adopted children go through a stressful separation from their primary attached figures and are replaced with new attachment figures in the adoptive family, they are also able to develop and become attached to their fostering families. Jeffer and Rosenboom (1997) examined 80 mothers and their infant from all over the world, adopted between at age of 6 month and 8 month olds, in the Strange Situation when infants were 12 and 18 months to evaluate the infant-mother attachment relationship. According to their study, they found more secure infant-mother attachment than insecure attachment relationship as normally expected. The actual proportion of secure attachment was approximately 74%, 46 of 58 infants, at 12 months and 75% at 18 months, so secure attachments observed this research seemed to be stable over time (Juffer Rosenboom, 1997). Another study of attachment between fostering parents and infant also demonstrated that mother-infant attachment quality in middle-clas s adoptive families is similar to the result found in families with only biological children; however, interracial adoption were more likely to have insecure attachment between mother and infant(Singer, 1985). This might be explained by which families who adopt children of a different race than themselves are less likely to receive hearty support from extended family, friends, and neighbors than are families who adopt children of the same race. Higher rates of insecure attachment also have found among infants who were placed to fostering families after spending at least 8 months in a Romanian orphanage. Infants who adopted at an earlier age, by contrast, do not appear to have an elevated rate of insecure attachment to their adoptive parent (Chisholm, 1998). From these results, although adopted age of infants seems to be a critical factor whether they develop secure or insecure attachment to fostering patents, adopted infants appear to be capable of adapting their new parents as a se cure base, and in turn, adoptive parents appear to be sensitive enough so that they can meet the needs of their adopted baby and become a lighthouse as well. Since infants can develop securely attached relationship to other caregivers, the long term effects such as resiliency to new environments and having positive behaviors and expectances are assumed to be similar to which mother-infant relationship likely to have. Even though the overall comparison of attachment in adoptive and non-adoptive families was reasonably similar, the outcome sometimes do not exclude the potential importance of insecure or disrupted post-infancy family relationships as a basis for the adjustment problems of the adoptee. The study noted that as school-age children begin to understand the implications of adoption, including the reality of being relinquished by biological parents, therefore, they often feel confused, uncertain, and insecure regarding their current adoptive family relationship (Singer, 1985). Nonetheless, it seems that the higher occurrence of troubles reported later in life in adoptive families cannot be explained only by early attachment problem s because early secure attachment counteracts to these problems and buffers the negative emotion to some degree. In conclusion, infants can develop secure attachment not only to their mothers but also other caregivers, including fathers and adoptive parents. It seems that infants can become attached to any caregivers, provided that those caregivers interact with them on a regular basis, provide physical and emotional care, and are emotionally invested in the child. Sensitivity plays an important role in development of secure attachment between caregiver and infant; on the other hand, the amount of time parents and children spend together is much less than what they do with that time. The similar positive outcome of secure attachment can be expected to the attachment relationship among father- and adoptive parents-infant. Children are born prepared to form relationships with those who care for them, and those early experiences influence the relationships that they develop within the family and in the greater world outside of the home. Consequently, relationships affect childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s healthy development, and childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s development, in turn, transforms their later fine relationship.